Category Archives: Blog

Do your eyes itch and water every time the seasons change? Are seasonal allergies making it difficult to enjoy the outdoors?

Allergies don’t just affect the nose—your eyes are also vulnerable. And while many people think that eye allergies are harmless, they can lead to serious conditions if left untreated.

I’m Juliet Menakaya, owner and principal optometrist at Junic Eye Care. Over the years, I’ve helped countless patients in Canberra manage eye allergies and improve their quality of life. I understand how frustrating and uncomfortable allergies can be, especially when they affect your vision. At our clinic, we offer personalized care to address your symptoms and prevent long-term damage.

The sooner you commence eye allergy treatment, the sooner you’ll find relief— so schedule your consultation today, and let’s start with an eye health assessment.

3 Key Takeaways:

• Rubbing your eyes can cause long-term damage like keratoconus, making it essential to manage allergies with the right treatment.
• Proper management of indoor and outdoor allergens can significantly reduce eye allergy symptoms.
• Consulting an optometrist early can help you access tailored treatments, from prescription drops to advanced therapies.

Common Causes of Eye Allergies

Why do so many people in Canberra need treatment for eye allergies, especially during certain times of the year? The main culprit is often seasonal allergens like pollen from grass, trees, and weeds, which become more prevalent during the spring and summer months. These airborne irritants can easily make their way into your eyes, triggering allergic reactions that leave you feeling uncomfortable and irritated.

But it’s not just the outdoors causing trouble. Indoor allergens such as pet dander, dust mites, and mold can also lead to eye allergies. Humidity levels play a role too, as higher moisture can increase the presence of these allergens. Even smoke and certain chemicals in the air can contribute to eye discomfort.

By identifying these common triggers, you can take steps to manage your exposure and minimise discomfort.

Symptoms of Eye Allergies

How can you tell if your eyes are reacting to allergies? Eye allergies often come with a range of frustrating symptoms that make daily life uncomfortable. One of the most common signs is itching and redness. That constant urge to rub your eyes can quickly lead to even more irritation, leaving your eyes red and inflamed. While it might feel like a relief in the moment, rubbing your eyes only worsens the problem, potentially causing further damage.

You might also notice tearing and swelling. Allergic reactions often cause your eyes to water excessively, leading to a watery discharge that can leave your eyelids feeling sticky or uncomfortable. Along with this, many people experience puffy eyelids, which can make the eyes feel heavy and tired throughout the day.

Another symptom of eye allergies is sensitivity to light. Photophobia, or light sensitivity, can make it difficult to perform everyday tasks, especially in bright environments. This added discomfort often forces people to seek darker spaces to ease the irritation.

If you’re dealing with any of these symptoms, it’s essential to take steps to manage them before they disrupt your daily life. A professional eye examination can help determine the severity of your allergies and the best treatment options to relieve these symptoms.

Types of Allergic Conjunctivitis

Which type of allergic conjunctivitis is affecting you? Understanding the specific type can help in finding the most effective treatment. There are several forms of allergic conjunctivitis, each with its own triggers and symptoms.

Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis is the most common type, and as the name suggests, it’s triggered by outdoor allergens like pollen. People living in Canberra often experience flare-ups during spring and summer, when pollen counts are at their highest. Symptoms such as itching, redness, and watery eyes tend to come and go with the seasons, making this condition more predictable yet still disruptive.

On the other hand, Perennial Allergic Conjunctivitis occurs year-round. This type is caused by indoor allergens like pet dander, dust mites, or mold, which are present throughout the year. Patients with perennial conjunctivitis often deal with chronic discomfort, including persistent irritation and itching that can be difficult to manage without proper treatment.

More severe forms of allergic conjunctivitis include Vernal and Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis, which primarily affect young males. These forms are much more serious and can lead to thick mucus discharge, intense itching, and in some cases, even damage to the cornea. This damage can affect vision if not addressed early.

Each form of allergic conjunctivitis requires a different approach to management, which is why it’s essential to have your eyes examined to determine the type you’re dealing with. Early diagnosis helps prevent long-term damage and ensures the most effective treatment.

Eye Allergy Treatment Options

How do you find relief from the discomfort of eye allergies? Fortunately, several effective treatment options are available to help manage symptoms and provide much-needed relief.

One of the most commonly used treatments is antihistamine eye drops. These drops work by reducing the itchiness and inflammation caused by allergens, offering quick relief. There are both over-the-counter and prescription-strength options available. While over-the-counter drops can be effective for mild symptoms, prescription drops may be necessary for more severe cases of allergic conjunctivitis to provide stronger, longer-lasting results.

For those dealing with dryness and irritation, artificial tears and lubricants are a simple but effective solution. These eye drops help flush out allergens from the surface of your eye and keep them moisturised, reducing the discomfort caused by dryness. They’re especially helpful for those who spend a lot of time outdoors or in air-conditioned environments, where allergens and dry air can worsen symptoms.

Another easy and effective method is using cool compresses and ice packs. Applying a cold, clean cloth over your eyes can help soothe puffiness and irritation caused by allergies. The cold temperature reduces inflammation, providing a refreshing sensation that eases discomfort. Just be sure to use a fresh cloth each time to prevent any additional irritation or infection.

While these treatments offer relief, it’s important to remember that long-term management may require a combination of approaches, including lifestyle adjustments and professional care. If your symptoms persist or worsen, visiting an eye specialist for a comprehensive exam can help identify the best course of action tailored to your needs.

If you want to learn more tips and remedies for eye allergies, watch the following video by Dr. Joseph Allen.

Prevention and Management of Eye Allergies

How can you prevent eye allergies from flaring up and manage them effectively when they do? While treatments offer relief, prevention is the key to keeping allergies under control and minimising discomfort.

To start, one of the best ways to avoid symptoms is by reducing exposure to outdoor triggers. During high pollen seasons in Canberra, it’s a good idea to stay indoors as much as possible, particularly on windy days when pollen is more likely to be in the air. Wearing wraparound sunglasses when you’re outside is another simple step that helps shield your eyes from pollen and other airborne irritants.

Managing indoor allergens is just as important. Regularly cleaning bedding, carpets, and curtains can help reduce the presence of dust mites and pet dander, two common culprits for eye allergies. Using air filters and dehumidifiers can also help maintain an allergy-friendly indoor environment, especially in homes with pets or where mold may be an issue.

For those who wear contact lenses, proper care and safe practices are essential. Allergens can easily get trapped on your lenses, leading to more irritation and discomfort. Thoroughly cleaning your lenses each day and switching to glasses during allergy flare-ups can reduce the chances of allergens irritating your eyes. Some people may even benefit from changing to daily disposable lenses to avoid allergen build-up.

Prevention isn’t always foolproof, and allergies can still flare up despite your best efforts. However, by minimising your exposure to known allergens and using safe eye care practices, you can significantly reduce the frequency and intensity of symptoms. If your symptoms persist, it’s important to consult with an eye specialist who can recommend additional treatments or strategies tailored to your situation.

The Dangers of Eye Rubbing: How It Can Lead to Long-Term Conditions

Why does rubbing your eyes feel so good, yet come with so many risks? While it may offer temporary relief, rubbing your eyes can do far more harm than good, especially if you suffer from allergies. Eye rubbing stimulates tear production, which helps soothe irritation briefly, but it can also lead to increased inflammation and damage to the delicate tissues around the eyes.

One serious concern linked to frequent eye rubbing is the development of keratoconus. This condition occurs when the cornea becomes progressively thinner and begins to bulge into a cone-like shape. The mechanical force of rubbing weakens the corneal structure over time, putting you at a higher risk of developing keratoconus. Once this condition progresses, it can lead to significant vision impairment and may require treatments like corneal cross-linking or even surgery.

To prevent these long-term issues, it’s important to find healthier ways to manage irritation. Antihistamine drops and artificial tears offer a much safer alternative to eye rubbing and help alleviate discomfort.

When to See an Optometrist for Eye Allergy Treatment

When should you see an optometrist for eye allergies? While over-the-counter treatments can provide relief for mild cases, there are times when professional care is necessary. If your symptoms persist despite using antihistamine drops or artificial tears, it’s important to book an appointment with an optometrist. Persistent itching, redness, swelling, or tearing can indicate a more serious underlying issue that needs attention.

Optometrists can provide prescription treatments like stronger antihistamine drops, corticosteroids, or even recommend allergy shots for chronic sufferers. These advanced treatments target the root cause of the allergies and offer more lasting relief. In severe cases, such as when allergic conjunctivitis is accompanied by keratoconus or other complications, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing permanent damage to your vision.

CONCLUSION

Eye allergies are commonly caused by pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mold, leading to symptoms like itching, redness, and swelling. Seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis are the most common forms, each requiring different treatment strategies.

It’s VERY important to remember that rubbing your eyes, though tempting, can worsen the condition and even lead to long-term vision problems like keratoconus. Consulting an optometrist is crucial for diagnosing and treating eye allergies early to prevent complications.

Be proactive and protect your vision by seeking professional care for treatment of your eye allergies as soon as possible.

To visit our optometry practice, click the “Book Online” button at the top of the page or call (02) 6152 8585 today.

You’ll find our clinic conveniently located in the Molonglo Health Hub, just a short 10 minute drive from central Canberra, with plenty of free parking when you get here.

Did you know that sleep apnea could be affecting your vision in ways you never imagined? What if untreated sleep apnea was silently causing long-term damage to your eyesight?

You might think that eye conditions like glaucoma are unrelated to sleep, but sleep apnea can directly contribute to optic nerve damage.

I’m Juliet Menakaya, the owner and principal optometrist at Junic Eye Care. Over the years, I’ve helped many patients who were surprised to learn that their sleep apnea was affecting their eye health. I’m passionate about providing personalized eye care to my Canberra community and making sure that no underlying condition goes unnoticed.

Your eye health is essential for independence and daily function—don’t let sleep problems undermine it. Keep reading to learn more.

3 Key Takeaways:

• Sleep apnea is closely linked to several serious eye conditions, including glaucoma, dry eye, and NAION.
• Regular eye exams are crucial for detecting sleep apnea-related issues early and preventing long-term damage.
• CPAP therapy, while helpful for managing sleep apnea, can contribute to dry eyes and should be monitored closely.

Understanding Sleep Apnea

What exactly is sleep apnea, and why does it matter? Sleep apnea, particularly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is a condition where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. It occurs when the muscles in the throat relax too much, causing a blockage in the airway. While this may seem harmless at first, the reality is that sleep apnea can have serious consequences for your overall health. It’s more common in people over 40, especially those with risk factors such as obesity, being male, or having a family history of the condition.

The symptoms are often subtle but impactful. You might experience excessive daytime sleepiness, loud snoring, or waking up gasping for air. Many people don’t realise they have sleep apnea until a partner or family member points out the symptoms. Doctors typically conduct sleep monitoring to diagnose the condition by analysing your breathing patterns overnight.

What makes sleep apnea dangerous is how it affects the entire body. Each time your breathing stops, your body is deprived of oxygen, leading to hypoxia. This triggers oxidative stress, which not only impacts your organs but also has a direct effect on your eyes and vision. It’s also closely linked to several serious health conditions, including high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke.

The Connection Between Sleep Apnea and Eye Conditions

Sleep apnea does more than disrupt your sleep—it can also significantly affect your eye health. The constant interruptions in breathing can contribute to several serious eye conditions. Understanding these connections is vital for protecting your long-term vision.

Here are some common eye conditions associated with sleep apnea:

• Floppy Eyelid Syndrome (FES): Sleep apnea can cause the eyelids to become unusually loose and easily flipped upwards. This leads to irritation, tearing, and blurred vision, as the repeated waking disrupts normal eyelid function.
• Glaucoma: Sleep apnea often causes episodes of low oxygen (hypoxia), which can increase intraocular pressure (IOP), damaging the optic nerve. If untreated, this can result in permanent vision loss. The severity of sleep apnea often correlates with the progression of glaucoma, making early diagnosis crucial.
• Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION): This optic nerve damage leads to sudden vision loss. People with sleep apnea are at higher risk due to reduced oxygen and blood flow during apnea episodes.
• Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO): Sleep apnea-induced hypoxia can lead to blockages in the veins that drain blood from the retina, increasing the risk of RVO and potential vision impairment.
• Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSR): Stress from sleep apnea can cause fluid accumulation under the retina, leading to blurred or distorted central vision. CSR requires careful monitoring to prevent further complications.
• Papilledema: This condition involves swelling of the optic nerve due to increased intracranial pressure from repeated hypoxia during sleep apnea episodes. It can lead to headaches, double vision, or temporary vision loss. In severe cases, prolonged papilledema can cause permanent damage.

Addressing these conditions early and regularly monitoring your eyes can help prevent long-term damage and maintain healthy vision. Don’t ignore the potential impact of sleep apnea on your eyes.

The Connection Between Keratoconus and Sleep Apnea

Interestingly, there’s also evidence suggesting a link between keratoconus and sleep apnea. Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition in which the cornea thins and begins to bulge into a cone-like shape, distorting vision. While the exact connection between sleep apnea and keratoconus isn’t fully understood, studies suggest that patients with sleep apnea, particularly men, are at higher risk of developing this condition. One possible explanation is that chronic eye rubbing, often seen in sleep apnea patients could contribute to the progression of keratoconus.

Additionally, sleep apnea can worsen the condition in those already predisposed to keratoconus, particularly individuals with a family history of either condition. The repeated episodes of low oxygen during apnea may compromise corneal health, making it more susceptible to thinning and deformation. For patients with sleep apnea and keratoconus, early diagnosis and appropriate management—whether through special contact lenses or corneal cross-linking—are essential to prevent the condition from worsening.

The Role of CPAP Therapy in Managing Sleep Apnea and Eye Health

Can CPAP therapy help with eye health if you have sleep apnea? Absolutely. CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) is often the first line of treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, helping to keep your airway open during sleep. By delivering a continuous stream of air, the CPAP machine prevents those dangerous pauses in breathing, which not only improves sleep but also reduces the impact of sleep apnea on your overall health—eyes included.

CPAP therapy plays a significant role in protecting your eyes from conditions related to sleep apnea. By ensuring that oxygen levels remain stable during sleep, CPAP reduces the risk of hypoxia, a major contributor to eye damage. In fact, regular use of a CPAP machine has been shown to lower intraocular pressure (IOP), which is critical for preventing or slowing down the progression of glaucoma. Similarly, it helps to reduce the risk of conditions like Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION), where lack of oxygen and poor blood flow can lead to sudden vision loss.

However, CPAP therapy isn’t without its challenges. Air leakage from the mask can blow directly into the eyes, drying out the tear film and causing irritation or redness. It’s a manageable problem, but if left untreated, it can worsen eye discomfort. Making sure your CPAP mask fits well, or adjusting it to minimise air leakage, can significantly reduce these side effects. In some cases, adding a heated humidifier to your CPAP machine or using artificial tears can help maintain proper moisture levels in the eyes.

Another potential concern is the development of bacterial conjunctivitis. Poor cleaning habits with CPAP equipment can lead to bacterial growth, which can be transferred to your eyes. To avoid this, it’s crucial to clean your CPAP mask and tubing regularly.

CPAP therapy is an important step for managing sleep apnea and can significantly reduce the eye-related risks that come with the condition. Proper care of your CPAP machine and addressing minor side effects like dry eyes ensures you can protect your vision while you benefit from better sleep.

If you think your CPAP machine is giving you dry eyes, please watch the following video by Dr. Melanie J Denton.

Diagnosing and Treating Eye Conditions in Sleep Apnea Patients

How can regular eye exams help if you have sleep apnea? Early detection is key when it comes to preventing serious eye conditions caused by sleep apnea. Many of the conditions linked to sleep apnea can develop without noticeable symptoms until significant damage has occurred.

At Junic Eye Care, we use advanced diagnostic tools to detect these conditions early. For glaucoma, we rely on tonometry to measure the pressure inside your eyes, which helps identify elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) – a primary risk factor for the disease. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scans allow us to closely monitor the optic nerve and retina, giving us a detailed look at any early signs of damage caused by sleep apnea.

For patients experiencing dry eye, we conduct thorough assessments of the tear film and eyelid function to diagnose and treat these issues. This can include tear film analysis to determine the extent of dryness and recommend treatments like artificial tears or humidification strategies.

Timely intervention are crucial for managing these conditions before they lead to permanent vision loss.

Lifestyle Adjustments for Sleep Apnea Patients to Protect Eye Health

How can you protect your eyes if you have sleep apnea? Start by focusing on improving your sleep hygiene. Ensuring that you sleep in a proper position, such as on your side, can help reduce the exposure of your eyes to air, which can aggravate dry eye symptoms. Additionally, minimising the use of fans or air conditioning blowing directly on your face can prevent further eye dryness.

If you use a CPAP machine, consider making small changes to your setup to avoid air leakage that can dry out your eyes. Adjusting your mask for a better fit or using moisture chamber goggles while you sleep can help keep your eyes hydrated.

Pay attention to your diet and hydration as well. Drinking plenty of water and adding Omega-3 supplements to your diet can boost your tear production and reduce the effects of dry eye syndrome. Reducing caffeine and alcohol consumption is also beneficial, as both can dehydrate the body and worsen eye conditions.

CONCLUSION

Sleep apnea is linked to several serious eye conditions, including glaucoma, floppy eyelid syndrome, and retinal vein occlusion. CPAP therapy, while beneficial for treating sleep apnea, can contribute to dry eye syndrome and other eye issues if not properly managed.

Unaddressed eye issues related to sleep apnea can worsen, leading to complications that are harder to treat later on.

Don’t wait for minor symptoms to evolve into serious problems —schedule your eye exam today and take control of your eye health.

To visit our optometry practice, click the “Book Online” button at the top of the page or call (02) 6152 8585 today.

You’ll find our clinic conveniently located in the Molonglo Health Hub, just a short 10 minute drive from central Canberra, with plenty of free parking when you get here.

Do you know what dangers might be lurking in the water when you go swimming with contact lenses? Taking a dip in the pool, ocean or fresh water be putting your eye health at risk. Even something as mundane as taking a bath or shower may be exposing your eyes to serious problems.

You might think “Surely daily disposable lenses are safe for swimming?”, but that’s not true. And while wearing swim goggles over your contacts might protect your eyes to some extent, they can’t prevent all risks associated with water exposure.

In this article I want to break down all the hazards that threaten your eyes if you happen to have contact lens eyewear.

Who am I? I’m Juliet Menakaya, the Owner and Principal Optometrist at Junic Eye Care in Canberra. I’ve spent years helping people maintain their vision and eye health, especially those with active lifestyles. I understand the challenges of balancing vision correction with outdoor activities like swimming and surfing. In this blog, I want to share important insights into the risks of swimming with contact lenses and offer safer alternatives that protect your eyes while you enjoy the water.

Take a moment to learn everything you need to know about eye health and water safety.

Why Swimming With Contact Lenses is a Bad Idea

Water Contamination and Infections:
How safe is the water you’re swimming in when it comes to your eyes? The primary risk of swimming with contact lenses is the exposure to harmful microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Even chlorinated pools aren’t entirely free from these pathogens. When your contact lenses absorb water, they also absorb these contaminants, which increases the likelihood of serious eye infections.

Oxygen Permeability:
Can your eyes breathe properly while swimming with contact lenses? Contact lenses are designed to allow oxygen to reach your cornea, keeping your eyes healthy. However, when they absorb water, this essential oxygen flow is restricted. Reduced oxygen permeability can lead to corneal hypoxia, where the cornea becomes starved of oxygen. This lack of oxygen may cause symptoms like redness, discomfort, and even blurred vision. Over time, repeated episodes can lead to more serious complications, compromising your overall eye health.

Lens Discomfort and Damage:
Water exposure can significantly affect how your lenses feel. When lenses absorb water, they can lose their adhesive properties, leading to discomfort or even lens dislocation. Prolonged exposure might cause them to swell, altering their shape and fit. This not only impacts your vision but can also cause irritation and redness. Repeated exposure can damage your lenses, reducing their lifespan and making them unsafe to wear.

Types of Eye Infections Linked to Swimming with Contact Lenses:

Who would have thought that a refreshing swim could lead to something as serious as an eye infection? For contact lens wearers, this is a real concern. Swimming with lenses can expose your eyes to various pathogens, leading to several types of eye infections, each with its own risks and challenges.

Bacterial conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is one of the most frequent infections linked to swimming with contact lenses. This condition occurs when bacteria, often Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus, get trapped between the lens and the eye. The result is redness, irritation, and discharge that can make your eyes feel gritty and uncomfortable. While bacterial conjunctivitis can usually be treated with antibiotic drops, it’s still an unpleasant experience and one that’s easily avoidable by not wearing lenses in the water.

Acanthamoebic keratitis is a far more serious infection. Caused by the Acanthamoeba amoeba, this infection can occur when swimming in natural bodies of water, such as lakes or oceans, but it’s also possible in poorly maintained swimming pools. The amoeba latches onto the lens and burrows into the cornea, leading to severe pain, redness, and blurred vision. Treatment is often long and difficult, sometimes requiring months of medication. In the most severe cases, a corneal transplant may be necessary to restore vision.

Fungal keratitis is another potential outcome of swimming with contact lenses, particularly in fresh water. Fungi like Fusarium species can infect the cornea, causing pain, redness, and discharge. This infection is notoriously difficult to treat and often requires prolonged antifungal therapy. If left untreated, fungal keratitis can lead to permanent scarring of the cornea, significantly affecting vision.

Viral keratitis, often caused by adenoviruses present in water, is another risk. This condition can cause painful inflammation of the cornea, resulting in blurry vision and sensitivity to light. While antiviral treatments can help manage the infection, the recovery process can be slow, and the virus can linger, causing recurrent symptoms.

It might surprise some people to learn that chemicals added to swimming pools can further increase the risk of eye infections. While chlorine is meant to disinfect, it also strips away the natural protective barriers of the eye, making it easier for pathogens to take hold. This weakened defense, combined with the chemical contaminants absorbed by contact lenses, creates a perfect storm for eye infections. The water you swim in may seem harmless, but for contact lens wearers, it’s anything but.

To learn more about the dangers of eye infection from swimming with contacts, watch the following video by Dr Danielle Trief.

Alternative Vision Correction Options for Swimmers

If you’re an avid swimmer who relies on contact lenses, the idea of giving up clear vision in the water might seem daunting. But you don’t have to choose between enjoying your time in the pool and protecting your eyes from infections. Several safe and effective alternatives can help you see clearly while swimming without the risks associated with contact lenses.

One of the simplest solutions is non-prescription swim goggles. These create a barrier between your eyes and the water, keeping contaminants at bay. However, if you rely heavily on vision correction, non-prescription goggles may not provide the underwater eyesight clarity you need. That’s where prescription swimming goggles come in. These goggles are custom-made to match your vision prescription, giving you the sharp vision you’re used to, but without the risk of eye infections.

For those who enjoy more adventurous water activities like scuba diving, prescription diving masks are a great option. Divers who wear hard contact lenses may experience blurred vision after a dive, as nitrogen is unable to escape the cornea properly. As an alternative, prescription diving masks offer clear vision underwater, tailored to your vision needs, and ensuring you can see everything clearly while protecting your eyes.

If you’re a surfer or spend a lot of time on the water’s surface, prescription surf sunglasses might be what you need. These sunglasses offer the added benefit of UV protection, reducing the risk of conditions like pterygium (surfer’s eye) and cataracts while also providing clear vision. They’re designed to withstand the harsh conditions of sun, salt, and sand, making them a durable choice for active water enthusiasts.

For those looking to eliminate the need for daytime lenses altogether, orthokeratology (Ortho-K) lenses or LASIK surgery might be worth considering. Ortho-K lenses are worn overnight to gently reshape the cornea, providing clear vision during the day without the need for contact lenses or glasses. LASIK offers a more permanent solution, using laser technology to correct your vision so you can enjoy swimming without any corrective lenses at all. Both options provide freedom from contact lenses and reduce the risks associated with waterborne contaminants.

CONCLUSION

Swimming with contact lenses poses significant risks, including severe eye infections, lens damage, and long-term eye health issues. Prescription swim goggles, prescription diving masks, and prescription surf sunglasses provide safer, more effective vision correction for water activities.

Additionally, there are options like orthokeratology or LASIK eye treatment that can remove then need for vision correction completely, and these might be worth consideration.

Remember, neglecting proper eye care when it comes to water exposure can lead to irreversible damage, including corneal ulcers and vision loss.

Take control of your eye health today and make the smart choice to see an optometrist about safer options for swimming.

To visit our optometry practice, click the “Book Online” button at the top of the page or call (02) 6152 8585 today.

You’ll find our clinic conveniently located in the Molonglo Health Hub, just a short 10 minute drive from central Canberra, with plenty of free parking when you get here.

Most people know that wearing sunglasses here in Canberra is an essential step in guarding our eyes from UV damage. But have you ever wondered if your eyewear is truly protecting your eyes? What if the sunnies you wear every day are actually causing more harm than good?

Not all sunglasses provide the UV blocking your eyes desperately need. And dark lenses don’t necessarily mean better protection against harmful ultra-violet radiation. And remember, just because your shades look stylish doesn’t mean they are necessarily safe.

I’m Juliet Menakaya, the owner and principal optometrist at Junic Eye Care. With years of experience helping the Canberra community protect and preserve their eyesight, I’m passionate about educating people on the importance of proper eye care, especially when it comes to UV protection. I understand that choosing eyewear can be confusing, but I’m here to guide you through it with friendly, expert advice tailored to your needs.

Proper eye protection today means fewer worries about serious eye conditions tomorrow. So keep reading to learn more about choosing sunglasses in Canberra.

KEY TAKEAWAYS:

• Wearing good quality sunglasses is crucial for protecting your eyes from the harmful effects of UV radiation.
• Fake or inadequate sunglasses can do more harm than good, increasing your risk of serious eye conditions.
• Combining sunglasses with other protective measures, like hats and sunscreen, offers the best defense against UV damage.

UV Radiation and Its Impact on Eye Health

In Canberra, where the sun’s intensity can be quite harsh, protection from UV radiation is crucial. UV rays, particularly UVA and UVB, are invisible forms of light that can penetrate the eyes, leading to serious damage over time. While we often think of sunburn as the main danger from being outdoors, our eyes are just as vulnerable to these harmful rays.

Prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to a range of eye conditions, including cataracts, macular degeneration, pterygium, and even photokeratitis—essentially a sunburn of the eye. These issues can develop over time and result in both short-term discomfort and long-term vision impairment.

For eye protection, UV400 lenses are a must. UV400 sunglasses block almost all UVA and UVB rays. This level of coverage is non-negotiable for anyone spending a lot of time in the sun. Without it, you’re leaving your eyes exposed to unnecessary and preventable risks.

The Dangers of Inadequate or Fake Sunglasses

Can a cheap pair of sunglasses really protect your eyes? The truth is, fake or low-quality sunglasses often do more harm than good. Many of these products lack proper UV protection, despite dark lenses giving the illusion of safety. What’s worse, wearing these sunglasses can actually increase the risk of eye damage. The darkened lenses cause your pupils to dilate, allowing more UV light to enter your eyes and leading to greater exposure to harmful rays.

Without genuine UV protection, you’re at risk for the same eye conditions that result from direct UV exposure, such as cataracts and macular degeneration. Always check for labels that confirm UV400 protection, which blocks nearly all harmful rays. It’s also wise to purchase sunglasses from reputable sources, whether online or in-store, to avoid counterfeit products. Spending a little more on quality sunglasses is an investment in your long-term eye health.

Choosing Sunglasses for the Canberra Climate

How do you choose sunglasses that offer the best protection for intense sunlight? With our city’s high UV levels, selecting the right pair of sunglasses is more than a fashion choice—it’s essential for your eye health. One of the most effective options is wraparound frames, which prevent UV rays from entering your eyes from the sides. This design provides full coverage, making it particularly suitable for bright days, where side glare can be a real issue.

Understanding the lens categories is also important. Sunglasses are rated from 0 to 4, with category 2 and 3 lenses being the most suitable for everyday use in Canberra. Category 4 lenses are designed for extremely bright environments, like snowfields, and are usually too dark for driving. By selecting the appropriate lens category, you can ensure optimal comfort and protection in the city’s bright light.

Additionally, polarized lenses are a great choice for reducing glare from reflective surfaces like roads and water. However, it’s important to remember that polarization is different from UV protection. You need both to protect your eyes fully. Checking the Eye Protection Factor (EPF) of your sunglasses can also help; an EPF of 9 or 10 is recommended for maximum UV protection in Canberra. These factors combined will give you peace of mind that your eyes are well-protected in our sunny environment.

If you would like more tips for buying sunglasses in Canberra, watch the following video by Dr Joseph Allen from the Doctor Eye Health YouTube channel.

Additional Eye Protection Strategies

If you’re serious about protecting your eyes, sunglasses alone won’t cut it. Complementing your sunglasses with other protective strategies is crucial for full coverage. For starters, wearing a wide-brimmed hat can significantly reduce the amount of UV radiation reaching your eyes. This simple accessory adds an extra layer of defense, shielding your eyes from sunlight that might bypass your sunglasses from above.

Sunscreen is another essential tool in your UV protection arsenal. While we often focus on applying it to our face, it’s easy to forget the delicate skin around our eyes. Areas like the eyebrows, temples, and even the tops of your cheeks can be exposed, leading to both skin damage and a potential increase in UV light reflecting into your eyes. Choosing a sunscreen that won’t irritate your eyes is key—look for formulations that are gentle and designed for sensitive skin.

Together, these strategies provide a more comprehensive approach to eye protection. When paired with high-quality sunglasses, they help ensure that you’re not leaving any gaps in your defense against the harmful sun.

Protecting Children’s Eyes With Sunglasses in Canberra

Why are children’s eyes more vulnerable to UV radiation than adults? The answer lies in the natural development of their eyes. Unlike adults, children’s lenses are much clearer, which means more UV radiation can penetrate deeper into the eye. This increased exposure raises the risk of long-term damage, such as cataracts or macular degeneration, later in life. Moreover, children often spend more time outdoors than adults, further amplifying their exposure to harmful UV rays. Given Canberra’s high UV index, protecting their young eyes is not just a precaution—it’s a necessity.

When choosing sunglasses for children, it’s essential to ensure they meet Australian Standards for UV protection. Not all sunglasses are created equal, and those that lack proper certification can provide a false sense of security. Look for labels indicating compliance with AS/NZS 1067:2016, which guarantees that the sunglasses block 99-100% of UV radiation. Additionally, the fit of the sunglasses is crucial. They should comfortably cover the eyes and sit close to the face, preventing UV rays from entering around the edges.

Incorporating UV-protective sunglasses into your child’s routine is a small but significant step in safeguarding their vision for the future. By choosing sunglasses that meet these standards, you’re not only protecting their eyes today but also helping to prevent serious eye conditions that could develop later in life. In Canberra, where the sun can be relentless, this proactive approach is vital for your child’s long-term eye health.

Prescription Sunnies for Eye Conditions

For those with existing eye conditions like photophobia or a history of eye disease, prescription sunglasses play a vital role in daily eye protection. Photophobia, or light sensitivity, can make even moderate sunlight unbearable, leading to discomfort and strain. Prescription sunglasses not only correct your vision but also provide the necessary shield against bright light, making outdoor activities more comfortable. For individuals with a history of eye disease—such as cataracts or macular degeneration—proper UV protection is crucial to prevent further deterioration. Without this protection, exposure to UV rays can accelerate the progression of these conditions, potentially leading to significant vision loss.

Choosing the right prescription sunglasses involves more than just matching your prescription. UV protection is non-negotiable; you should always opt for lenses that offer UV400 protection, which blocks nearly 100% of harmful UVA and UVB rays. Additionally, consider polarized lenses, which reduce glare from reflective surfaces like roads and water. This feature is especially beneficial if you spend a lot of time driving or near water, where glare can be both irritating and dangerous. Polarized lenses enhance contrast and improve visual clarity, making them an excellent choice for those with light sensitivity or other vision issues.

It’s important to work with your optometrist to select prescription sunglasses that suit your specific needs. The right pair will not only improve your vision but also provide comprehensive protection, ensuring that your eyes remain healthy.

Do My Regular Spectacles Have UV Protection?

Many people assume that your regular spectacles also offer UV protection as part of the lens material or lens coating, but that’s not always the case. While many modern lenses include UV protection as a standard feature, cheaper lenses or older glasses may not provide adequate coverage. It’s important to ensure your lenses block 100% of UVA and UVB rays, as even partial exposure can lead to long-term eye damage. The best way to confirm whether your spectacles have proper UV protection is to ask your optometrist. They can quickly check your lenses using a specialized device that measures UV blockage.

Transition lenses, which darken in sunlight, are a popular option for those who want combined vision correction and sun protection. However, they do have some drawbacks. One common issue is that they take time to return to clear indoors, which can be inconvenient. Additionally, they don’t darken effectively inside cars because modern windscreens block UV rays, meaning you may still need separate sunglasses for driving. Another consideration is that transition lenses are not polarized, which can limit their ability to reduce glare from reflective surfaces like water or roads.

While transition lenses offer the convenience of not needing to switch between glasses and sunglasses, they may not be the best option for everyone. Discussing your lifestyle and needs with your optometrist can help you make the right choice for optimal eye protection.

Best Practices for Sunglasses in Canberra

When should you wear sunglasses in Canberra? The short answer is: almost always when you’re outdoors. The sun’s intensity in our region means that UV protection is crucial year-round, not just during summer. Whether you’re driving, enjoying a picnic, or even just walking to the shops, sunglasses should be your constant companion. This is especially important during peak UV times, typically between 10 am and 4 pm. Even on cloudy days, UV rays can penetrate the cloud cover, so don’t let overcast skies fool you into thinking your eyes are safe.

For those who engage in outdoor sports or spend long hours outside, it’s vital to invest in high-quality sunglasses that offer both UV protection and a secure fit. Activities like cycling, hiking, or water sports increase your exposure to reflected UV rays, making comprehensive eye protection even more essential. Consider wraparound styles or straps to keep your sunglasses in place during vigorous activity.

Finally, regular eye check-ups are a key part of any UV protection strategy. At Junic Eye Care, we can monitor your eye health and detect any early signs of UV-related damage. This proactive approach allows us to adjust your eye care routine and recommend the best sunglasses for your needs, ensuring that your vision stays sharp and protected.

 

CONCLUSION

Choosing the Canberra sunglasses with proper UV protection is essential for preventing serious eye conditions like cataracts and macular degeneration. But protecting your eyes goes beyond sunglasses—combining them with sun-smart hats and sunscreen provides comprehensive protection.

Each day you go without proper sunglasses increases your risk of developing long-term eye conditions. So don’t put your eye health on hold—take the proactive step today to secure your vision for the future.

To visit our optometry practice, click the “Book Online” button at the top of the page or call (02) 6152 8585 today.

You’ll find our clinic conveniently located in the Molonglo Health Hub, just a short 10 minute drive from central Canberra, with plenty of free parking when you get here.

What if the changes in your vision aren’t just a normal part of aging? Could an unusual eye condition be the reason behind your blurred or distorted eyesight?

You might be experiencing early stage Keratoconus; a progressive eye condition where the cornea thins and bulges into a cone shape, leading to distorted vision. It’s an eye problem that generally starts to affect people between the ages of 10 and 30 and can be treated surgically or non-surgically.

But first of all, who am I? I’m Juliet Menakaya, owner and principal optometrist at Junic Eye Care. I am deeply motivated to help individuals manage complex eye conditions like keratoconus, through personalized, compassionate eye care. I understand how overwhelming it can be to navigate vision issues.

So keep reading to explore your choices for keratoconus treatment in Canberra.

KEY TAKEAWAYS:

• Early detection and treatment of keratoconus are crucial to preventing serious vision loss.
• Non-surgical options, such as specialized contact lenses, can be effective in managing keratoconus.
• Surgical options are available for advanced cases to restore vision and improve corneal shape.

 

Understanding Keratoconus

What is keratoconus, and why does it matter so much to your vision? Keratoconus is an eye condition that distorts vision and can significantly affect how you see the world, making simple tasks like reading or driving increasingly difficult. The cornea, which is normally round, becomes uneven, leading to blurred vision that standard eyeglasses or soft contact lenses often can’t correct effectively.

While the exact cause of keratoconus remains uncertain, several factors can increase the likelihood of developing this condition. Genetics play a role, as it often runs in families. Environmental factors, like frequent eye rubbing or chronic eye irritation, may also contribute. Additionally, certain conditions, such as Down syndrome or connective tissue disorders like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, are linked to a higher risk of keratoconus. Early detection and intervention are key to managing keratoconus effectively, which is why understanding its causes and early signs is crucial.

A Western Australian research study published in 2022 found the following:

	Details
Prevalence	At the time of the study, 3.4% of the 28-year-old participants had keratoconus.
Incidence	Of those, 2.2% (about two thirds) experienced the emergence of the condition between ages 20 and 28
Risk Factors	Higher risk was associated with being male, having shorter axial length, poorer visual acuity, higher astigmatism, and myopia. A notable link was also found between sleep apnea and keratoconus.

Source: https://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(22)00933-2/fulltext

Diagnosing Keratoconus in Canberra

How can you be sure if keratoconus is affecting your vision? The key lies in a comprehensive eye exam. The earlier you receive a correct diagnosis, the better, as keratoconus can progress over time, making it harder to manage. During a keratoconus eye exam, a range of diagnostic tests is performed to assess the health of your cornea. Corneal topography, for instance, creates a detailed map of your cornea’s surface, highlighting any irregularities that could indicate keratoconus. Pachymetry measures the thickness of your cornea, while a slit-lamp exam allows us to examine the eye’s structures closely.

At our eye care practice in Canberra, we also utilise advanced diagnostic tools to provide a more accurate assessment. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scans offer a high-resolution, cross-sectional image of the cornea, helping us detect even subtle changes. Corneal mapping techniques further enhance our ability to pinpoint keratoconus with precision. Additionally, the Oculus Keratograph 5M is instrumental in providing a detailed analysis, which can be very helpful for both diagnosis and ongoing management of keratoconus. These advanced tools ensure that we can detect keratoconus at its earliest stages and tailor a treatment plan to suit your needs.

Non-Surgical Keratoconus Treatment Options

Can keratoconus be managed without surgery? For many people, non-surgical treatments can effectively address their condition, especially in its early stages. Initially, eyeglasses and soft contact lenses are often prescribed. These options can work well for mild keratoconus by correcting vision distortions caused by the irregular shape of the cornea. However, as keratoconus progresses, these solutions may no longer provide adequate clarity, leading us to explore more specialised treatments.

Rigid Gas Permeable (RGP) lenses offer a significant step up in managing moderate to advanced keratoconus. Unlike soft lenses, RGP lenses maintain their shape on the eye, creating a smooth surface over the cornea and improving vision. While they can initially feel less comfortable, most patients adapt over time, appreciating the sharper vision these lenses provide. However, for those who struggle with the fit or comfort of RGP lenses, hybrid and scleral lenses are excellent alternatives.

Hybrid lenses combine the best of both worlds: the sharpness of RGP lenses with the comfort of soft lenses. They are particularly beneficial for individuals who need clearer vision but find traditional RGP lenses challenging to comfortably wear. Scleral lenses, on the other hand, are larger and rest on the white part of the eye, vaulting over the cornea. This makes them ideal for severe keratoconus cases, as they provide both exceptional vision correction and comfort. The process of custom fitting these lenses ensures that each patient receives optimal results, allowing them to maintain a high quality of life despite their condition.

Surgical Keratoconus Treatment Options

When non-surgical methods no longer suffice, what surgical options are available for treating keratoconus? For those with more advanced keratoconus, surgical interventions can halt the progression of the condition and improve vision. One of the most common procedures is Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking (CXL). This treatment works by strengthening the corneal tissue to prevent further thinning and bulging. The Dresden protocol is the traditional approach, involving the removal of the corneal epithelium followed by the application of riboflavin drops and UV light. Recent advancements, such as accelerated CXL and epi-on techniques, offer quicker recovery times and less discomfort, making them suitable for various stages of keratoconus.

For patients seeking to reshape their cornea and enhance vision without undergoing a full corneal transplant, Intracorneal Ring Segments (ICRS) provide a viable option. These tiny, crescent-shaped inserts are placed within the cornea to flatten its cone shape, thereby reducing visual distortions. ICRS can be particularly effective when combined with CXL, as the cross-linking procedure stabilises the cornea while the ring segments improve its shape. This combination often leads to better visual outcomes, especially in cases where keratoconus is still progressing.

In more severe cases, where the cornea has become too thin or scarred, a corneal transplant may be necessary. There are two main types of transplants: Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK) and Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK). DALK involves replacing only the damaged outer layers of the cornea, preserving the healthy inner layers, which reduces the risk of rejection. PK, on the other hand, involves a full-thickness transplant, replacing the entire cornea. Both procedures have high success rates, and while recovery can take several months, the long-term visual outcomes are often excellent. Each surgical option is carefully considered based on the patient’s specific needs, ensuring the best possible results.

To learn more about the various keratoconus treatment options available for patients, watch the following video by Dr Joseph Allen from the Doctor Eye Health channel.

YOUTUBE EMBED ” What is Keratoconus – 5 Keratoconus Treatments ” [ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CfYqz-HEfwY ]

Living with Keratoconus

How do you adjust to life with keratoconus? Living with this condition requires some changes, but with the right strategies, it’s entirely manageable. The impact on daily activities can vary, but it’s important to remain proactive in managing your eye health. Simple tasks like reading or driving at night may become more challenging, but with the appropriate lenses or treatments, you can maintain a good quality of life. Keeping up with proper lens hygiene is crucial, especially if you wear contact lenses, as it helps prevent complications like infections that can worsen your condition.

Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments are vital in tracking the progression of keratoconus. Your treatment plan may need adjustments as your corneal condition changes over time. By staying committed to routine check-ups, you can ensure that your vision remains as stable as possible. Additionally, educating yourself about keratoconus and its management can empower you to make informed decisions about your care. Support from your optometrist and having access to the latest information will help you navigate the challenges and maintain your eye health effectively.

 

CONCLUSION

Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition that can significantly impact your vision if left untreated, but there are both non-surgical and surgical options available to manage it effectively. Early detection, regular monitoring and proactive care through comprehensive eye exams is crucial in preventing the more severe consequences of the condition.

Without proper care, keratoconus can progress to the point where everyday activities like driving or reading become extremely difficult.

Don’t wait until it’s too late—take the first step today by booking your eye care consultation.

To visit our optometry practice, click the “Book Online” button at the top of the page or call (02) 6152 8585 today.

You’ll find our clinic conveniently located in the Molonglo Health Hub, just a short 10 minute drive from central Canberra, with plenty of free parking when you get here.